information

All of the causes of child abuse are not known , but a significant amount of research points to several factors that put children at risk for abuse. There are many reasons why some people have difficulty meeting the demands of parenthood, including:  · immaturity and unrealistic expectations  · unmet emotional needs  · the stresses of child care  · economic crisis  · <span style="background: yellow; color: blue; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-highlight: yellow;"><span style="msobidifontfamily: Arial; msoansilanguage: ES-CO; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastlanguage: ES-CO; msohighlight: yellow;">[|domestic violence] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msoansilanguage: ES-CO; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msofareastlanguage: ES-CO; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msohighlight: yellow; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 11.0pt;">· <span style="font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-highlight: yellow;">lack of parenting knowledge <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msoansilanguage: ES-CO; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msofareastlanguage: ES-CO; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msohighlight: yellow; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 11.0pt;">· <span style="font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-highlight: yellow;">difficulty in relationships <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msofareastlanguage: ES-CO; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msohighlight: yellow; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 11.0pt;">· <span style="font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-highlight: yellow;">depression or other mental health problems <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; background: yellow; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msoansilanguage: ES-CO; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msofareastlanguage: ES-CO; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow; msolist: Ignore; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msohighlight: yellow; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontsize: 11.0pt;">· <span style="background: yellow; color: blue; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-highlight: yellow;"><span style="msobidifontfamily: Arial; msoansilanguage: ES-CO; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastlanguage: ES-CO; msohighlight: yellow;">[|drug or alcohol problems] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #333333; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">When these circumstances combine with the challenges of child rearing, parents who are otherwise well intentioned can harm or neglect their children. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #333333; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Child abuse and neglect cross all ethnic, social and economic lines. Most instances of child abuse are not caused by inherently violent or evil people, but by parents who are unable to cope with their tempers in a time of crisis. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #333333; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The best way to prevent child abuse and neglect is to support families and provide parents with the skills and resources they need to be effective caregivers. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; background: silver; color: #333333; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-highlight: silver;"> Sumary: Practically what this is saying is the main or general causes of child abuse and the circumstances that usually they are living in when a child is being abused. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> [|http://preventchildabuseny.org/causesofchildabuse.shtml] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> __<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT CHILD ABUSE __<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; color: #333333; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">
 * __<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #333333; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">General Causes & Risk Factors for Child Abuse __**<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">

En Colombia el número de denuncias por maltrato infantil continúa en aumento  <span style="font-size: 10.5pt; background: #aaffaa; color: #008800; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-bookmark: htmldiff3; msobookmark: htmldiff3; msoansilanguage: ES-CO;">. <span style="font-size: 10.5pt; color: #333333; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">Solo entre enero y abril del presente año, se presentó un incremento del 18 por ciento con relación al mismo periodo del 2007, al pasar de 20 mil 183 casos a 23 mil 871 denuncias por los diferentes tipos de agresiones, incluida la violencia familiar.

Las cifras se conocieron en la conmemoración del Día Internacional de Niños y Niñas, Víctimas de la agresión, que busca erradicar las prácticas de abuso y maltrato contra la infancia del país, promoviendo el buen trato y la denuncia.

La Directora del __Instituto de Bienestar Familiar__, __Elvira Forero__ , hizo un llamado a los padres y personas que tienen a cargo los niños, para que se sensibilicen frente a este tipo de delito que atenta contra niños y niñas, aún antes de nacer.

El acceso carnal violento contra los infantes, es otra queja que ha seguido en aumento, pasando de 28 denuncias durante el año pasado a 75 en lo que va corrido de 2008, así como los casos de pornografía infantil los cuales pasaron de 6 a 11 durante el mismo lapso.

Por su parte el abandono registró un incremento del 4 por ciento al pasar de mil 447 quejas a mil 506, en lo que va corrido del año.

Las demandas por desplazamientos y amenazas de los grupos al margen de la ley, pasaron de 185 casos entre enero y abril de 2007 a 252 en el mismo periodo del 2008. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;"> <span style="font-size: 10.5pt; color: #3f3f3f; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">La región de Boyacá en la que se encuentra el pequeño municipio de Pauna, situada a pocos kilómetros de la famosa Chiquinquirá, ha sido hasta hace pocos años uno de los focos de violencia más salvajes de la geografía colombiana. <span style="font-size: 10.5pt; background: yellow; color: #008800; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bookmark: htmldiff5; msobookmark: htmldiff5; msoansilanguage: ES-CO; msobidifontfamily: Arial; msohighlight: yellow; msoshading: #AAFFAA;">  colombiana  <span style="font-size: 10.5pt; background: #aaffaa; color: #008800; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bookmark: htmldiff6; msobookmark: htmldiff6; msoansilanguage: ES-CO; msobidifontfamily: Arial;">. <span style="font-size: 10.5pt; color: #3f3f3f; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">La explotación y el tráfico esmeraldero han dejado a una gran mayoría de la población adulta sin formación educativa de ningún tipo, lo que lleva generando infinitos problemas intrafamiliares durante mucho tiempo, acentuándose la tendencia en el último lustro. <span style="background: silver; color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-highlight: silver; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">  Sumary:  <span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> This article is general information about how is child abuse going in Colombia and what has happened in the last years. It also have a reason for abusing a child which is that the parents didn’t receive enough education so that’s why they treat their children like that.

Laura.

Different jurisdictions have developed their own definitions of what constitutes child abuse for the purposes of removing a child from his/her family and/or prosecuting a criminal charge. The mental health journal[//[|clarification needed]//] states that child abuse is defined as “any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation, an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm
 * Child abuse** is the physical or psychological/emotional mistreatment of children. The [|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] (CDC) define child maltreatment as any act or series of acts or commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child.[|[1]] Most child abuse happens in a child's home, with a smaller amount occurring in the organizations, schools or communities the child interacts with. There are four major categories of child abuse: neglect, [|physical abuse], [|psychological/emotional abuse], and [|sexual abuse].

Causes
Child abuse is a complex problem which has multiple causes.[|[5]] Understanding the causes of abuse is crucial to addressing the problem of child abuse.[|[6]] Parents who physically abuse their spouses are more likely to physically abuse their children.[|[7]] However, it is difficult to know whether marital strife is a cause of child abuse, or if both the marital strife and abuse are caused by tendencies in the abuser.[|[7]] [|Substance abuse] is a major contributing factor to child abuse. One study found that parents with documented substance abuse, most commonly [|alcohol], [|cocaine], and [|heroin], were much more likely to mistreat their children, and were also much more likely to reject court-ordered services and treatments.[|[8]] Another study found that over two-thirds of cases of child maltreatment involved parents with substance abuse problems. This study specifically found relationships between alcohol and physical abuse, and between cocaine and sexual abuse.[|[9]] Cultural norms about what constitutes abuse vary widely: among professionals as well as the wider public, people do not agree on what behaviors constitute abuse.[|[10]] Some human service professionals claim that cultural norms that sanction physical punishment are one of the causes of child abuse, and have undertaken campaigns to redefine such norms.[|[11]] In the United States, the [|National Association of Social Workers] has issued statements that even the mildest forms of physical punishment, such as moderate [|spanking], lower children's self-esteem, constitute acts of violence, and teach children that physical force is an acceptable way to resolve conflicts.[|[11]] Against this latter argument, the philosopher Prof. [|David Benatar]points out that one might as well say that fining people teaches that forcing others to give up some of their property is an acceptable way to respond to those who act in a way that one does not like. "If beatings send a message, why don't detentions, imprisonments, fines, and a multitude of other punishments convey equally undesirable messages?" He adds that "there is all the difference in the world between legitimate authorities -- the judiciary, parents, or teachers -- using punitive powers responsibly to punish wrongdoing, and children or private citizens going around beating each other, locking each other up, and extracting financial tributes (such as lunch money). There is a vast moral difference here and there is no reason why children should not learn about it. Punishing children when they do wrong seems to be one important way of doing this."[|[12]]

In the [|United Kingdom], sociology professor [|Frank Furedi] suggests that many advocates of a total ban on physical punishment are actually against //all// forms of punishing children. He sees the underlying agenda as an anti-parent crusade, and argues that the much-cited Murray Straus research is far less clear-cut than the claims made on its behalf by what he calls "anti-smacking zealots".[|[13]]

mejia

Types
Child abuse can take many forms:[|[2]]
 * Neglect, in which the responsible adult fails to adequately provide for various needs, including physical (failure to provide adequate food, clothing, or hygiene), emotional (failure to provide nurturing or affection) or educational (failure to enroll a child in school).
 * [|Physical abuse] is physical aggression directed at a child by an adult. It can involve striking, burning, choking or shaking a child, and the distinction between discipline and abuse is often poorly defined. The transmission of toxins to a child through its mother (such as with [|fetal alcohol syndrome]) can also be considered physical abuse in some jurisdictions.
 * [|Child sexual abuse] is any sexual act between an adult and a child, including penetration, fondling, exposure to adult sexuality and violations of privacy.
 * [|Psychological abuse], also known as emotional abuse, which can involve belittling or shaming a child, inappropriate or extreme punishment and the withholding of affection.

Basic forms include:
 * Physical abuse** is abuse involving contact intended to cause feelings of intimidation, [|pain], [|injury], or other physical [|suffering] or [|harm].
 * [|striking]
 * [|punching]
 * pushing, pulling
 * [|slapping]
 * [|Whipping]
 * striking with an object
 * locking in or out of a room or place/false imprisonment
 * excessive pinching
 * [|kicking]
 * having someone fall
 * [|kneeing]
 * [|strangling]
 * head butting
 * [|drowning]
 * [|sleep deprivation]
 * exposure to cold, [|freezing]
 * exposure to heat or [|radiation], [|burning]
 * exposure to [|electric shock]
 * placing in "stress [|positions]" (tied or otherwise forced)
 * [|cutting] or otherwise exposing somebody to something sharp
 * exposure to a dangerous animal
 * throwing or shooting a [|projectile]
 * exposure to a [|toxic] substance
 * [|infecting] with a [|disease]
 * withholding food or medication
 * [|spanking] is subject to controversy as to whether it qualifies as physical abuse.
 * [|assault]
 * [|bodily harm]
 * [|humiliation]
 * [|torture]
 * Blinding a person/causing vision impairments e.g. throwing acid into eyes/face, having eyes gouged out.
 * [|negligence]
 * [|Biting]

Infections: Child sexual abuse may cause infections and [|sexually transmitted diseases].[|[71]] Depending on the age of the child, due to a lack of sufficient [|vaginal fluid], chances of infections are higher.[|Vaginitis] has also been reported.

Maria. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse#InfectionsSummary: My information show



Summary: My information talks about child abuse main types of child abuse. Which are Negligence, physical, psychological and sexual abuse. I chose this info because it answers some of our CONCEPTS questions. For example, in the question of FUNCTION, I placed the forms that physical abuse can be taken to end. In CONNECTION: I placed a graph that shows the connection to disorders alcohol and drugs. My information also shows how the sexual abuse affect girls, bringing diseases like the <span style="color: rgb(0,0,255);">" <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">Vaginitis ".

<span style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(102,102,102); line-height: normal; font-family: Geneva;">
 * <span class="liganotaprincipal" style="font-size: 33px; color: rgb(0,0,0); font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; letter-spacing: -1px;">Registra Colombia 30 mil casos de abuso sexual contra niños en 2004 ||


 * <span class="mayusculas" style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant: small-caps;">**Notimex en Bogotá |** <span class="mayusculasrojo" style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(204,0,0); font-family: Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant: small-caps;">[|**Mundo**] <span class="liganotaprincipal" style="font-size: 33px; color: rgb(0,0,0); font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; letter-spacing: -1px;"> || <span class="txtgris10" style="font-size: 10px; font-family: Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Viernes 25 de Marzo, 2005 <span class="txtrojo10" style="font-size: 10px; color: rgb(204,0,0); font-family: Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">| Hora de creación: 00:00| Ultima modificación: 02:46 ||
 * [[image:http://www.cronica.com.mx/imagenes/lineagris.gif height="9"]] ||
 * <span class="liganotaprincipal" style="font-size: 33px; color: rgb(0,0,0); font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; letter-spacing: -1px;"> El aumento del abuso sexual contra menores es "alarmante" en Colombia, donde se reportaron 30 mil casos en 2004, aunque la cifra es conservadora debido a que la mayoría de las víctimas se niega a denunciar su situación, dijo hoy una experta.

La investigadora del Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar (ICBF), Tania Correa, dijo a Notimex que la explotación y abuso sexual de niños y adolescentes "se está desbordando en todo el país, y en particular en ciudades de alto turismo".

Estadísticas del organismo mostraron que los reportes de abuso sexual en la población infantil superaron los 30 mil casos el año pasado, contra 27 mil en 2003 y 13 mil que fueron registrados en 2002, lo que demuestra el avance de este flagelo.

El 84 por ciento de los exámenes practicados por el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses involucró a niñas con una edad promedio de 13 años, mientras que 16 por ciento se hizo en niños entre los nueve y 12 años, precisó Correa.

La investigadora, sin embargo, aseguró que "a mí no me interesan las cifras, me interesa la parte cualitativa (del fenómeno), pero si de cifras se trata, ahí también están".

Para el ICBF, la mayoría de las víctimas de abuso o explotación sexual infantil no denuncian sus casos ante las autoridades competentes, lo que significa que el "fenómeno es más preocupante".

A juicio de Correa, la explotación sexual infantil tiene una fuerte presencia en todas las ciudades capitales de Colombia, pero las mafias de este tipo de negocio están abriendo nuevos sitios en las zonas de mayor flujo turístico nacional e internacional.

De esta manera, destinos turísticos como Cartagena, Santa Marta y San Andrés Islas son los sitios donde se ha detectado un auge de este tipo de comercio, donde se combinan los ingresos de los turistas, con las necesidades sociales de la población.

"Los sitios están muy camuflados y en la investigación comprobamos que se utilizan las discotecas, hoteles, agencias de viaje, apartamentos, casas y supuestos gimnasios para la explotación sexual", aseguró Correa.

La experta del ICBF advirtió que en Colombia opera una "mafia muy secreta", con mucho dinero, que mueve el negocio del sexo y en especial el infantil, lo cual "se llama explotación y abuso de menores, no tiene otro nombre".

Explicó que la explotación y abuso sexual de menores es un problema que afecta a todos los sectores sociales y "en los sitios se encuentran menores de escasos recursos económicos, que es la mayoría, pero también hay de estratos altos".

"En el proceso de investigación, encontramos tres menores de 18 años que cada fin de semana viajan de Bogotá a sitios turísticos para ofrecer sus servicios y poder pagar el semestre en la universidad", relató Correa.

Los investigadores, incluso, encontraron casos donde los padres o padrastros de los menores ofrecen el sexo de sus hijos para buscar recursos para sobrevivir.

Correa observó que lo más impactante es que "las niñas o niños hacen esto por hambre, por ignorancia y lo más triste es que las familias son partícipes de este proceso y no hacen nada por defenderlo, por defender a sus hijos".

"Una niña de 14 años nos dijo que ella no quería vivir más, que no quería seguir ofreciéndose a los hombres, que la vida así no vale la pena. Estas expresiones son terribles, tenemos que pellizcarnos ante este panorama", dijo.

Para enfrentar el problema, Correa aseguró que el ICBF está adelantando una campaña nacional para sensibilizar sobre la gravedad de este fenómeno a los padres de familia, profesores de escuelas, colegios y a las autoridades locales. ||


 * MCC ||